Pakistan’s long-awaited 5G rollout, considered vital for economic growth and digital transformation, remains paralyzed not due to technical barriers but because of prolonged litigation and regulatory gridlock.
Across the world, countries are racing ahead with 5G, enabling smart cities, e-commerce, healthcare, education, and digital industries. But in Pakistan, critical spectrum remains tied up in disputes, leaving mobile networks congested and businesses unable to modernize.
Spectrum locked in litigation
The 2600 MHz frequency band, essential for 5G, has been stuck in legal battles. A major case involves Sun TV (Southern Networks Ltd.), reportedly linked to businessman Aqeel Karim Dhedhi, which has blocked nearly 151.6 MHz of spectrum across the 1800 MHz, 2100 MHz, and 2600 MHz bands. This deadlock has prevented the Frequency Allocation Board (FAB) from auctioning spectrum, stalling Pakistan’s entire 5G roadmap.
PTCL–Telenor merger adds uncertainty
Adding to the delays is the pending PTCL–Telenor merger, which requires clearance from the Competition Commission of Pakistan (CCP). Without clarity on the merger, regulators cannot finalize auction structures or set a timeline. IT Minister Shaza Fatima Khawaja has stated that the fate of this merger is directly tied to the future of 5G deployment and market competition.
Government frustration grows
The delays have drawn sharp criticism in Parliament. During a Senate Standing Committee session, lawmakers condemned the “forum-hopping” tactics of litigants, which have dragged cases for years despite rulings in favor of the state. Senator Palwasha Mohammad Zai Khan called the inaction “criminal negligence,” warning of devastating consequences for Pakistan’s digital future.
Officials from the Ministry of IT and FAB have urged courts to prioritize hearings, stressing that further delays will cost the country billions in lost revenue and foreign investment opportunities.
Economic fallout of stalled 5G
Analysts warn that Pakistan risks falling further behind India, Bangladesh, and Gulf states, where 5G networks are already being deployed. Without spectrum release, service quality will continue to decline, digital businesses will face limits, and investor confidence may erode at a critical time for the economy.
The way forward
Experts agree that Pakistan’s 5G future hinges on legal clarity, not technology. Two urgent steps are required:
Resolve the Sun TV case to free up spectrum.
Conclude the PTCL–Telenor merger to stabilize the telecom sector.
Until then, Pakistan’s dream of a 5G-powered economy will remain stalled, with courts—not engineers—deciding the pace of digital progress.